国际石油经济

2026, 02, v.34 61-74

从市场主导到国家回归：英国斯塔默政府能源安全战略转型与挑战

基金项目(Foundation): 国家社科基金青年项目“美欧能源安全合作新态势与中国的应对策略”(编号：23CGJ029)阶段性成果; 中南财经政法大学研究生科研创新项目“英国能源安全政策的新调整及其影响”(编号：202510208)结项成果

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摘要：

2024年7月，斯塔默领导的工党政府上台，英国能源安全战略迎来了自私有化改革以来最深刻的范式重构，呈现出从自由市场主导的多元化向国家干预导向的本土能源独立的转型路径。斯塔默政府通过限制北海油气开发、成立大不列颠能源公司以及设定2030年清洁电力目标，致力于在获得国家能源主导权的同时，解决地缘脆弱性、全球绿色产业竞争及国内民生与治理危机的三重挑战。“国家回归”的能源治理模式的实施面临深层的结构性约束，包括能源系统与基础设施滞后、供应链本土化悖论、财政约束与投资缺口以及地缘政治的新兴风险。斯塔默政府能源安全新政不仅将重塑英国国内能源结构，对欧洲及全球能源市场产生显著外溢效应，也将推动中英能源关系进入地缘防范与产业依赖共存的竞合新常态。

关键词： 英国斯塔默政府; 能源安全战略; 自由市场; 国家干预; 能源转型; 地缘政治; 结构性挑战; 中英能源合作;

Abstract：

When the Starmer-led Labor government assumed office in July 2024,the UK’s energy security strategy underwent its most significant paradigm shift since the privatization era,marking a transition from a market-driven diversification model to a state-interventionist approach focused on domestic energy independence.By restricting oil and gas development in the North Sea,establishing the Great British Energy,and setting a 2030 clean power target,the new administration has sought to address such triple challenges as geopolitical fragility,intensifying global competition in green industries,and domestic pressures related to living standards and governance,while pursuing and acquiring national energy autonomy.However,the implementation of this state-backed energy governance model is constrained by deep-seated structural barriers including outdated energy systems and infrastructure,paradox in localizing supply chains,fiscal limitations and investment shortfalls,and emerging geopolitical risks.The Starmer government’s energy security policy is poised not only to reshape the UK’s domestic energy landscape but also to generate significant spillover effects on European and global energy markets.Moreover,it is likely to reconfigure Sino-UK energy relations into a new competitive and cooperative dynamic,characterized by the coexistence of geopolitical containment and industrial interdependence.

KeyWords： the UK Starmer Government; energy security strategy; free market; state intervention; energy transition; geopolitics; structural challenges; Sino-UK energy cooperation;

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参考文献

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基本信息:

中图分类号:D756.1;F416.2

引用信息:

[1]李明月,姬龙.从市场主导到国家回归：英国斯塔默政府能源安全战略转型与挑战[J].国际石油经济,2026,34(02):61-74.

基金信息:

国家社科基金青年项目“美欧能源安全合作新态势与中国的应对策略”(编号：23CGJ029)阶段性成果; 中南财经政法大学研究生科研创新项目“英国能源安全政策的新调整及其影响”(编号：202510208)结项成果

发布时间：

2026-02-25

出版时间：

2026-02-25

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